Innawen
Asfugel n Lwennas Meɛtub s tegmat Sɣur Si El Hachemi ASSAD
Uṭṭun-a wis 15 n tesɣunt n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa “Tamaziɣt Tura” nebɣa-t ad yili d tajmilt i Lwennas Meɛtub s tira d unadi n yisdawanen i iqeddcen s tutlayt n tmaziɣt ilmend n usnerni-ines deg uɣerbaz.
Nger-d tiɣri i wid yesɛan tiktiwin ad d-awin awal ussnan ɣef wayen d-yeǧǧa umedyaz anaẓur Lwennas Meɛtub, maca nessuter-d tiktiwin timaynutin, imi nebɣa-t ad yili d amaynut ama s ugbur neɣ s yisallen, mačči d aɛiwed n wayen i yettwassnen tugert ma neḥsa belli tudert n Lwennas d adlis yeldin, d annar i yettwazerwen s waṭas.
Tamasayt neɣ Lkalafa-ya nefka-tt i Mass Zidane Yacine akken “ad d-inawel” seg yal idis agbur s yis ara nerr azal i “uɣewaɣ-a” yefkan tudert-is d asfel ɣef tmagit d yidles ɣlayen.
Daymi i nefka azwel “Iḍrisen d tezrawin ɣef Lwennas Meɛtub” deg teɣzi n 20 n yiḍrisen ussnanen, imusnawen i yekkin seg yal tasdawit (Tubiret, Tizi Wezzu, Bgayet, Batna, ...) zerwen iḍrisen n Lwennas akken ad ẓmin inumak yefren, tignatin idargen akked yiẓuyar ur nettwafhem ɣer waṭas n medden.
Amek ara d-yili usfugel n umedyaz-a mucaɛen ? D acu ilaq ad nexdem akken ur itezzer ara di lebḥer n tatut ? Amek ara nkemmel amennuɣ-is ?
Tamuɣli-w, tajmilt i nezmer ad nerr i umedyaz d taɣuri n tmedyazt-is, d aḥfaḍ n yimeslayen-is d usuɣel-nsen ɣer tutlayin-nniḍen. Abrid iwulmen d aselmed n yisefra-ines, d azuzer n wayen i d-yeǧǧa akken ad yaweḍ ɣer wulawen n yal azzayri neɣ amaziɣ anda ma yella.
Akken ad yeqqim i lebda, ilaq di tazwara ad neḥṣu dacu-t umennuɣ n tmeddurt-is, d acu d sebba n tmettant-is. Mi negza annect-a, ad negzu ayen icudden ɣer umennuɣ s wayes yumen, d tektiwin iɣef yettwanɣa, imiren nezmer ad d-nberreḥ dakken aql-aɣ deg ubrid-is, neḍfer lǧerra-s !
Ayen d-yeǧǧa nleqqem-it i tsutwin n uzekka, acku, am akken neẓra, amedyaz n tidet d win umi tufa abrid tamedyazt-is ɣer wulawen n yimdanen di yal tallit. Akka kan ara tedder tiɣri n umennuɣ-is alamma icerq-d yiṭij n tafrara !
Mi ara nsuk tamuɣli tawezlant ɣef tmedyazt n Lwennas, ad naf anamek n umennuɣ-is, ɣef idles-is, ɣef tutlayt-is, ɣef wakal-is d tmurt-ines, akken i t-id-yenna deg yiwet seg tezlatin-is “D iseflan neɣli, ɣef Lezzayer n Uzekka!”
Meɛtub Lwennas d win yumnen s tdukli n ugdud amaziɣ. Annect-a nettaf-it s ṭṭaqa di tmedyazt-is, anda d-tban tiɣri yelḥan srid ɣer umeẓẓuɣ, akken is-yenna deg wawal-is : “Mazal ṣṣut-iw ad yebbeɛzeq”. D ta i d tiɣri n udrar n Ǧerǧer i Wawras. Rrnu ɣer waya, tiktiwin-nniḍen ara naf deg yisefra-ines, d tiktiwin yesɛan assaɣ akked tlufa iḥuzan agdud s umata.
Ayen d-yufraren di tmedyazt-is d asirem n tdukli n yidurar, ama d tamurt n Leqbayel, tin n Yicawin, tin n Yimuhaɣ neɣ Yimaziɣen-nniḍen. D asirem i yerra d acqirrew akken ad aɣ-d-alint tismin n tdukli.
“Ahaw san yiwwas
Ad nelḥut deg yiwen ubrid
Ahaw san yiwwas
Ad nεeqlet wi llan d lğid
S lğehd ad neṛṛẓet leḥbas
Ulac anwa ara icekkeb lqid
Seg Uheggar alamma d Waṭlas
Agdud ad yeddu lwaḥid”
Tazwara
Azul Fell-awen
ṢAḤḤA LFATUR-NWEN
Mass Lwali n Bgayet,
Mass Aselway n Tɣiwant n bgayet,
Mass Anemhal n Yidles n Bgayet,
Mass Anemhal n Temkerḍit Tagejdant n Bgayet,
Imyura d yinaẓuren,
Iɛeggalen n twacult n tɣamsa
Mass Abdelhafid Idres d widen i d-yeddan yid-s,
Ansuf yis-wen ɣer temlilit n tejmilt i yerra Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa i Dda Lḥafiḍ, d tajmilt s wazal-is i yuklal, am tcemmuɛt yecceɛcan ara yernun tafat i tid yellan yakan di temnaḍt-agi i nḥemmel aṭas, am wakken i t-id-yeǧǧa Cherif Khaddam : Bgayet telha d rruḥ n Leqbayel.
Tajmilt n wass-a txulef tiyaḍ imi d rreḥba i umtawa i d-yellan gar Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa akked Tɣiwant n Bgayet ilmend n useqdec d tira n tmaziɣt di yal agalis i d-yezzin i temdint-agi tameqqrant.
Nezmer ad d-nini belli Bgayet d amedya deg ubrid-agi n usnermi n tutlayt n tmaziɣt.
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yezga ɣer tama-nwen, ad yernu ad yefk afud ugar. Afus deg ufus, taɛkemt ad tifsus, tagmat ad tefti.
Ay inebgawen n lḥerma
Awal d llsas n tutlayt tamaziɣt ; d awal iɣef tebna.
Awal yella d imawi, seg yimi s ameẓẓuɣ, tura yuɣal ɣef lkaɣeḍ, tasuta tettaǧǧa-t-id i tayeḍ.
Iwakken ad yidir Umaziɣ s tutlayt-is di tmurt-is ilaq-as ad tt-yaru, ad tt-yelmed, ad tt-yesselmed, ad yexdem yis-s. Akka kan ara tuɣal d tutlayt n tudert.
Ay inebgawen n lḥerma
Tutlayt tamaziɣt attan deg tesdawiyin, deg yiɣerbazen d tsudwin n tmurt n Lezzayer. La tetteddu s lmendad n widen i la as-yettheggin abrid ad tɛeddi di tehri.
Tḥerr-d amkan-is s tmussni n warraw-is i as-igan ilugan iss ara teddu. La tettnerni s leqdic i widen i la as-d-yettheggin allalen d yisulal iss ara taẓ ɣer sdat.Yiwen seg warraw-is d Mass Abdelhafid Idres.
Ay inebgawen n lḥerma
Mass Idres yejmeɛ-d awalen n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg yiwen udlis ara yersen deg umezruy n yidlisen i yeldin ddeqs n tewwura i unadi d tezrawt n tutlayt, idles d tgemmi n tmaziɣt deg tmurt n Lezzayer.
Yusa-d Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa ass-agi ɣer Bgayet iwakken ad yerr tajmilt i umeɣnas-agi i d-tefka tmurt-a,
yiwen n urgaz seg wid yeddan deg ubrid i d-nejren yimenza-nneɣ,
yiwen Umaziɣ i d-iheggan allal agejdan i yal tutlayt di ddunit : Amawal.
Yesnerna annar n wawalen imi yal taɣult tesɛa awalen-is deg umawal. Yal taddart, yal tamdint, yal tamnaḍt tettekka s wayen i yellan ɣur yimezdaɣ-is.
D asegzawal ara nernu ɣer yidlisen n yimenza-nneɣ i aɣ-d-yessawḍen tutlayt n lawan-nni ɣer yimir-a.
Yumen s tezmert n tutlayt-is tayemmat, yumen s wayen i yexdem, yebɣa-t, yeɛteb fell-as, ur icuḥḥ i kra, yedda yiman d tfekka iwakken ad d-ilal Umawal ameqqran n tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Ay inebgawen n lḥerma
Ulac awalen iss nezmer ad ak-nerr tajmilt a Mass Idres. Asegzawal-ik
ad yernu afud akked tebɣest i yimnuda deg tesdawiyin n tmurt, ad t-ḥwiǧen widen iqeddcen i tilin d usnerni n tutlayt-nsen : iselmaden, inelmaden, imsuqqlen, ineɣmasen...
Tanemmirt a Dda Lḥafiḍ i kečč akked widen yeddan yid-k deg ubrid-agi i d-tewwiḍ, i tferneḍ, ideg tesseddaḍ tudert-ik i tutlayt-ik d tilin-ik.
Awal n Mass Si El Hachemi ASSAD
Azul fellawen.
Itikkelt tamezwarut, Aseqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa akked Usqamu Aɛlayan n Tutlayt Taɛrabt gezmen-tt di rray ad zdin asfugel n wass amaḍlan i tutlayt tayemmat, s usuddes n yimen n wass azrawan.
Timlilit am tagi tesɛa azal ameqqran deg wahil n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa. Yal aseggas nettarra lwelha-nneɣ ɣer-s imi , iswi-nneɣ agejdan d asnerni akked usefti n tutlayt n tmaziɣt s yal iles, s yal tantala. D tigi i d timeslayin i yuzzaren deg tmurt-nneɣ seg zik ar assa.
Bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ ass-a, nekkni d wid iḥemmlen timeslayin, d wid yesseḥbibiren fell-asent maca berra n unnar n ccwal.
Di tsweɛt am tagi bɣiɣ ad d-ḥyuɣ awal n Massa Irina Bokova, Tanemhalt Tamatut n UNESCO, i d-yennan di tebrat n usfugel n wass n 21 furar 2017:
"UNESCO twelleh-d akken iwata lḥal ɣer ubrid ideg ilaq ad ddunt tmeslayin merra imi yal yiwet deg-sent s wazal-is".
Tenna-d : “D timeslayin i d-yessebganen anwa i d nekkni ? d nutenti i yeẓẓaḍen ttexmam-nneɣ akked tumast-nneɣ”.
Tenna-d daɣen: “Ur tezmir ad d-tili lemcawra neɣ lemɛawna tagraɣlant s wuden amaynut, war lemqadra n yal tameslayt”.
Tkemmel awal-is : “D timeslayin i yettawin srid ɣer umsefhem d lemqadra n yal idles ”.
Tkfat tabrat-is s yiwen n wawal iweznen :
“Simmal nettissin timeslayin, simmal ttilin yigduden n ddunit ddren, ṭṭurcen s lemqadra akked twizi ilebda gar-asen”.
ɣef ayagi ilaq Anḥrez timslayin neɣ.
Tamaziɣt amekkan-is d LAKUL , Tamaziɣt amekkan-is S tawilat n Issalen , Tamaziɣt amekkan-is S TIRA ALA DɣA…
AKKA KAN ARA T DDER GER TMESLAYIN NIḌEN !
Awal n Umaray Amatu
Yal aɣref yesɛa ccfawat. Ccfawat-agi d tafrit. D tafrit yettwellihen tudert-is, yettakken azal i tmeddurt-is. Ma yella umezruy n yiḍelli n Lezzayer yettwassen, amezruy aqbur yeṛmel. D inadiyen d-yellan di kra n temnaḍin n Lezzayer i yessawḍen ɣer tmussni n umdan aqbur akked tɣermiwin tinezmarin i iɛeddan deg akal-agi. Seg Tefriqt Ugafa n zik, anagar kra n waktayen n tmesirin n umezruy i d-yeggran i lǧil n wass-a. Drus n yemdanen i yeẓran belli IMURIṬANIYEN llan uqbel RRUMAN, IWUNDALEN akked IBIZUNTIYEN mseḍfaren-d ɣer tmurt-agi uqbel lislam. D acu ara d-nini ihi ɣef kra n wudmawen n umezruy i iɛeddan ɣef uqerru n kra n temnaḍin n zik ur nettwassen ara ass-agi ?
Iwakken amezruy-agi ad d-yettwabder, ad d-yettwamekti, Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa iheyya-d timlilit-agi ara ikecmen deg umezruy-nneɣ. Timlilit ad d-tezzi ɣef tmettiyin iɛeddan deg Tefriqt Ugafa, s waṭas n isentalen, iwakken azzayri n wass-a ad yissin amezruy n TMAZƔA yellan yettidiren ddaw RRUMAN seg lqern wis sin uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa, s yemdanen d-yekkren mgal amnekcem.
Qqaren : ilaq amdan ad yessin ansi d-yekka iwakken ad ifhem anda yella imira, ad iẓer anda i teddu. Ɣef ayagi, Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yessewjad-d yal tikkelt timliliyin am tagi ɣef yidles d umezruy n lejdud nneɣ. Iswi nneɣ d tiririt n wazal i ccfawat-nneɣ yettwaremlen acḥal aya. Iwakken annect-agi ad d-yili, nessers-d ɣer tqaɛet azal n walf iseggasen n umezruy, ladɣa amezruy n tgeldiwin timaziɣin d-yebdan send tlata leqrun uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa alamma d tallit n IBIZUNTIYEN, sebɛa leqrun mbaɛd. D tallit anda aɣref yennuɣ, neɣ yeddukel, neɣ yebḍa akken alma d tallit n RRUMAN.
Nnig n tegnit-agi n umbaddel n tektiwin gar imusnawen d imazrayen, timlilit-agi yesɛan azwel « Yugurten yennuɣ akked Rruman » yebɣa ad yefk i tisutwin i d-iteddun ayen s wayes ara zzuxen, ayen s wayes ara sɛun tabɣest iwakken ad aẓen ɣer zdat. D tagnit diɣen i uslali n yennaren n unadi imaynuten deg umezruy-nneɣ. Nessaram ad naweḍ srid ɣer lebɣi-nneɣ.
Amennuɣ n ROME mgal QARṭAJ iɣum merra tgeldiwin TINUMIDIYIN i yeddren ɣer tama-s mbaɛd mi nnuɣen mgal IBUNIQIYEN, uqbel ad yeɣbu later-nsent. Ayagi yella-d ɣas akka aṭas n tikkal deg aydeg rrggagin IRUMANIYEN zdat n YIMAZIƔEN. Bdu-tt-id si Masensen yessawḍen ad yesdukkel « IMASILIYEN » akked « IMASILSILIYEN » i uslali n yiwet n tgelda tameqrant yesɛan asɣen iggerzen akked RRUMAN. Akken daɣen i yella Yugurten, d isem-is i d awal-is : Yugar-iten, meḥsub yerna-ten. D mmis n Mastanabal, d mmis n mmis n Masensen (160 uq.SƐ – 104 uq.SƐ), yeɛan aẓekka-ines di CIRTA taqdimt. Yekker-d di lberj n ɛemmis Misipsa. Uqbel ad immet yebḍa tigeldiwin ɣef sin warraw-is (Aderbal akked Himpsal) d Yugurten. Yugurten yellan d ameddakel n RRUMAN di ṭradat n IBUNIQIYEN yuɣal yekker-d mgal-nsen di ṭṭrad-nni n sebɛa iseggasen. Aṭas n yimennuɣen d-yellan. Nezmer ad d-nebder : Amennuɣ n « Calama », n « Wasif Muthul » akked « Zama », d-yezgan di Tunes n wass-a.
Ɣas akken yella kra n lexṣaṣ, adlis « Ṭṭrad n Yugurten » n urgaz asertan yuɣalen d amazray, « Salluste », yettwaḥsab d aɣbalu amazray n ṭṭrad-agi n Yugurten. D adlis yebɣan ad yeffer tidet n umezruy, imi deg-s ad naf d akken NUMIDYA tettiki ɣer RRUMAN, yemmeslay-d diɣen ɣef Micipsa yerran Yugurten d mmis. Yella udlis n Lmuhub Amrouche « Yugurten yeddren i lebda » (L’éternel Jugurtha) (1946) neɣ « Yugurten, yiwen umaziɣ mgal Rruman » n Houria Khadra (2005), maca drus. Ilaq ad d-lalen idlisen d yinadiyen imaynuten ɣef tallit-agi, d idlisen ara d-yawin amezruy n tidet mačči d win n tkerkas. Wagi d axeddim n yisdawanen d yimusnawen d yimnadiyen n tmurt-nneɣ i ilaqen ad cemmren i yiɣallen-nsen mebla leɛḍil.
Awal n Mass SI EL Hachemi ASSAD, AmarayAmatu n UsqamuUnnig n Timmuzɣa
Di tazwara ad snemreɣlal n tikti-agi, Massa Fatma Zuhra Zerwaṭi taneɣlaft n twennaḍt d ṣṣahd yettumaynuten, i yebɣan ad yilileqdic-a numawal d win ara d-ijemɛenɣeryidis n tutlayt taberranit, snat n tutlayin tiɣelnawin : Taɛrabt akked tmaziɣt. Ilmend n waya i d-nettwanced ad nettekkidegusenfar-a.
Leqdic-ayella-d di tazwara, d timlilit n umcawar i d-yeglan s ustenyi n umtawa gar tlata n yidisan ass n 06 yunyu 2019. Amtawa-agi yella-d gar Uɣlif terza temsalt d Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa akked Usqamu Unnig n Tutlayt Taɛrabt. Syin ɣer zdat, yella-d usbeddi n tesqamut n yixeddim ideg llan yimazzagen d yisdawiyen i d-tesumer yal yiwet seg tsuduyin-a yesteny anamtawa.
Nesseḥres aṭas akken iɛeggalen n tesqamut yettukelfen s tsuqilt ɣer tmaziɣt, ad ilin d isdawiyen ilmeẓyen yufraren s tzemmar-nsen deg unnar n umawal d tsuqilt ɣer tmaziɣt, i yesmenyafen am cawer d unadi lqayen yal tikkelt mi ara nadin ɣefugdazal n kra n yiremneɣ mi ara d-ssufɣen isem-issegwawalen yellan yakan di tutlayt neɣ ma wwin-d areṭṭal seg tutlayt-nniḍen.
Acḥal i nuḥwaǧ leqdica tyecban wiyemmugen s tcemlit, acku igemma ḍiɣerssawaḍen zgant tilin lhan, gerrzen. Aya daɣenur d-yettili ara maulactagnityelhaniwulmenleqdicyecbantimliliyin n umcawar i yessemlalayenyaltikkeltiɛeggalen n tesqamutɣeryidis n leqdicɣeflibɛidyalwadegumkan-is.
Segminemtafaqɣeftesnarraytiwulmenleqdic, yalaɛeggal n tesqamutyeddemamur-isdegyirman ara d-yesuɣel, beṭṭu n yirmanyella-d s tigdagar n yiɛeggalenilmend n tifin n yigdazalen-nsen s tutlayt n tmaziɣt. Aya yella-d ilmend n tewtilin-a :
1-Anadi s telqayɣefyinumak n yirman.
2-Anadi ɣefwawaldegtutlayt n yalass di meṛṛatisenfal n tutlayt n tmaziɣt.
3-Asemres n walugen n tesnulfawalt d usufeɣ n wawalenimaynutensegtalɣiwin n usuddesyellan s waṭasdegtutlayt n tmaziɣt.
4-Asemres n warwasendegwandaiwulem i yeddan d walugen n tutlayt, ilmend n tukci n tmiḍranin n tidetyesɛananamekiwulmen.
Tarrayt-a, tesmektay-aɣ-d s yiswiunnig i nebɣaad naweḍ, wa d aṛessi n tmaziɣtilmend n yikatarenussnanen, atraren. Aya daɣenyeskanay-d azal n tazliwin-nneɣilmend n ustenyi n yimtawayenakkedkra n tesdawiyin d wammasen n unadi i d winezdianezgum n unadi di taɣulinyerzantasnilest, tasekla d tesnalest ; mebla ma nettudaɣenasuggetsegtuffɣiwin i nxeddemdegunnarilmend n ujerred d uglam n meṛṛatisenfal n tmaziɣtyettuneḥsaben d aɣbalu, d agerruj n tutlayt, s ubrid n tuffɣiwintussnanintibidagujiyin i d-yettilindegtemnaḍinyemxalafen n uɣlan.
Am wakkendaɣen, lǧehd-agi yettunefkenakken ad d-tlalteẓrigt-agi s lmendad n WammasAɣelnaw n YisilɣenIwnaḍanen, yeskany-d s tidetamsaderutlayanagaman i yellangarsnat n tutlayintaɛrabtakkedtmaziɣt, d tiriritiwulmen i widyesseɣlaḍendakkenyellaumennuɣutlayan (Llanwidyebɣan ad d-xelqenamennuɣasugnangarsnat-a ntutlayin).
Tamaziɣt, d tutlaytyezdingarmeṛṛaizzayriyen, ɣefwayayewwi-d fell-aɣ ad as-nefkttawilatimeqqranen d tmusniwiniwulmenakken ad nessiweḍɣeruslugen-is d usmatu n uselmed-is d uzuzer-is. Ɣefwaya, ilaqwugarn lǧehddegusufeɣ n yisegzawalenisentalanen d tukci n wazal i meṛṛatirmitin d tezrawintussnaninyemmugenuqbeldegunnar n uslugen n tutlayt n tmaziɣt.
Degubrid-agi, ad d-nebderazal n uneḍruussnanakadimiideg i aɣ-yettunefkccaniminellasegyimsuddsen-isdegwagur n meɣresdeguseggas n 2016, aneḍru i d-yellan d timlilittagraɣlantɣeftigin n yisegzawaleniyenutlayanenTamaziɣt/tamaziɣt, mbeɛdamecwar n ysegzawakenisenutlayanen ( taɛrabtneɣtafransist/tamaziɣt) i d-yewwiuqbelumawal n tmaziɣt.
Di taggara, ad snemreɣaṭasiɛeggalen n tesqamutyezdin i yessawḍen ad salin leqdic-a ara d-yernun d tunṭict itamkerḍittaɣelnawt, ara d-yesseknenlǧehd i yefkauwanek i usnernin n tutlayintiɣelnawintaɛrabtakkedtmaziɣt. Am wakkendaɣen ara rreɣtajmilt i terbaɛt n tmaziɣt di tesqamut, Massen : MuḥendUremṭanIɣit, Nabil Mehdiwi, ṬaherBuxennufaakkedMeqran Cixi,ilmend n tasayt-nsen d leqdic-nsenakken ad tekfutsuqiltɣertmaziɣtdegwakudiwulmen.
Si LhacmiƐeṣṣad
AmarayAmatu n UsqamuUnnig n Timmuzɣa
- Iɣbulaigejdanen i tessemresterbaɛt n tmaziɣt :
Imawalen d yisegzawalenimatuyen :
1-Amawal n tmaziɣttatrart,Mouloud Mammeri, Edition HCA- Ministère de la Culture, 2004 et éditions CNRPAH 2017.
2-Amawal n tmaziɣttatrart, Dictionnaire tamazight Français / français tamazight, AbdelhafidIdres, HCA-ENAG. 2018
3-Dictionnaire de Tamazight Parlers de Kabylie , Mohand AkliHaddadou , éditions BERTI 2014.
Imawalenuzzigen :
1- Lexique pratique de la pathologie, Mohamed Zakaria Benramdane, HCA, 2012
2-Lexique juridique amazigh-français, amawalazerfantamaziɣt-tafransist , Mohamed Zakaria Benramdane, HCA, 2013 ;
3-Dictionnaire d’électrotechnique Français –Tamaziɣt, Mohand Mahrazi, HCA, 2011
4-Lexique des sciences de la terre, tamaziɣt-francais, Idir Ahmed Zaid, HCA, 2004
5-Lexique de l’agriculture, Ighit Mohand Ouramtane, coédition HCA/TIRA, 2018
Leqdicat-nniḍendegtseknawalttamaziɣt :
1-Lexique des mathématiques, réalisé par un groupe de chercheurs à l’université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou en 1984 ( Laihem, Hend Sadi, Ramdane Achab).
2-Lexique de l’informatique français-anglais-tamazight de Samiya Saad-Bouzefran réalisé en 1996.
3- Base de donnée lexicale / amawal.wikidot.com /Association culturelle Imedyazen (Alger).
